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=head1 NAME perltoc - perl documentation table of contents =head1 DESCRIPTION This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for. =head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION =head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AVAILABILITY =item ENVIRONMENT =item AUTHOR =item FILES =item SEE ALSO =item DIAGNOSTICS =item BUGS =item NOTES =back =head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 1999/05/23 20:38:02 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ. =item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl =item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl =item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools =item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation =item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats =item L<perlfaq6>: Regexps =item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues =item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction =item L<perlfaq9>: Networking =back =item About the perlfaq documents =over 4 =item Where to get the perlfaq =item How to contribute to the perlfaq =item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors =back =item Credits =item Author and Copyright Information =over 4 =item Bundled Distributions =item Disclaimer =back =item Changes 1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98, 24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version, Initial Release: 11/March/97 =back =head2 perlbook - Perl book information =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Declarations =item Simple statements =item Compound statements =item Loop Control =item For Loops =item Foreach Loops =item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements =item Goto =item PODs: Embedded Documentation =item Plain Old Comments (Not!) =back =back =head2 perldata - Perl data types =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Variable names =item Context =item Scalar values =item Scalar value constructors =item List value constructors =item Slices =item Typeglobs and Filehandles =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Terms and List Operators (Leftward) =item The Arrow Operator =item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement =item Exponentiation =item Symbolic Unary Operators =item Binding Operators =item Multiplicative Operators =item Additive Operators =item Shift Operators =item Named Unary Operators =item Relational Operators =item Equality Operators =item Bitwise And =item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or =item C-style Logical And =item C-style Logical Or =item Range Operators =item Conditional Operator =item Assignment Operators =item Comma Operator =item List Operators (Rightward) =item Logical Not =item Logical And =item Logical or and Exclusive Or =item C Operators Missing From Perl unary &, unary *, (TYPE) =item Quote and Quote-like Operators =item Regexp Quote-Like Operators ?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>, qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds =item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation, C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">, C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>, C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of regular expressions =item I/O Operators =item Constant Folding =item Bitwise String Operators =item Integer Arithmetic =item Floating-point Arithmetic =item Bigger Numbers =back =back =head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Private Variables via my() =item Persistent Private Variables =item Temporary Values via local() =item Lvalue subroutines =item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) =item When to Still Use local() =item Pass by Reference =item Prototypes =item Constant Functions =item Overriding Built-in Functions =item Autoloading =item Subroutine Attributes =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Perl Functions by Category Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted in perl5 =item Portability =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, DISCIPLINE, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp LIST, chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop LIST, chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL, goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock, log EXPR, log, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRIBUTES, next LABEL, next, no Module LIST, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub BLOCK, sub NAME, sub NAME BLOCK, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y/// =back =back =head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? =item The Solution =item Syntax =over 4 =item Making References =item Using References =back =item An Example =item Arrow Rule =item Solution =item The Rest =item Summary =item Credits =over 4 =item Distribution Conditions =back =back =head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs =item REFERENCES =item COMMON MISTAKES =item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE =item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict> =item DEBUGGING =item CODE EXAMPLES =item ARRAYS OF ARRAYS =over 4 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS =item Generation of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF ARRAYS =back =item HASHES OF ARRAYS =over 4 =item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS =item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS =back =item ARRAYS OF HASHES =over 4 =item Declaration of a ARRAY OF HASHES =item Generation of a ARRAY OF HASHES =item Access and Printing of a ARRAY OF HASHES =back =item HASHES OF HASHES =over 4 =item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES =item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES =item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES =back =item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS =over 4 =item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS =item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS =item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS =back =item Database Ties =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item The Guide =over 4 =item Simple word matching =item Using character classes =item Matching this or that =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching =item Extracting matches =item Matching repetitions =item More matching =item Search and replace =item The split operator =back =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =over 4 =item Acknowledgments =back =back =head2 perlpod - plain old documentation =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Verbatim Paragraph =item Command Paragraph =item Ordinary Block of Text =item The Intent =item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules =item Common Pod Pitfalls =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Awk Traps =item C Traps =item Sed Traps =item Shell Traps =item Perl Traps =item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps =item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance =item Parsing Traps Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing =item Numerical Traps Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops =item General data type traps (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide) =item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts (list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) =item Precedence Traps Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence =item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression =item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle =item OS Traps (SysV), (SysV) =item Interpolation Traps Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation =item DBM Traps DBM, DBM =item Unclassified Traps C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with LIMIT specified =back =back =head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS =item Location of Perl =item Command Switches B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>, B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>, B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>], B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>, B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory> =back =item ENVIRONMENT HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS, PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port), SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) =back =head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings =item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W> =item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line B<-w>, B<-W>, B<-X> =item Backward Compatibility =item Category Hierarchy =item Fatal Warnings =item Reporting Warnings from a Module =back =item TODO =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item use strict =item Looking at data and -w and w =item help =item Stepping through code =item Placeholder for a, w, t, T =item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS =item OUTPUT TIPS =item CGI =item GUIs =item SUMMARY =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item CONTRIBUTORS =back =head2 perldebug - Perl debugging =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item The Perl Debugger =over 4 =item Debugger Commands h [command], p expr, x expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, w [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L, S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b [line] [condition], b subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, d [line], D, a [line] command, a [line], A, W expr, W, O booloption .., O anyoption? .., O option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, man [manpage] =item Configurable Options C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>, C<NonStop> =item Debugger input/output Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame listing =item Debugging compile-time statements =item Debugger Customization =item Readline Support =item Editor Support for Debugging =item The Perl Profiler =back =item Debugging regular expressions =item Debugging memory usage =item SEE ALSO =item BUGS =back =head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Predefined Names $ARG, $_, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $', $LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*, input_line_number HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $, input_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/, autoflush HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|, output_field_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,, output_record_separator HANDLE EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#, format_page_number HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%, format_lines_per_page HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=, format_lines_left HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START, @-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var, $+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, format_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_NAME, $~, format_top_name HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^, format_line_break_characters HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, format_formfeed HANDLE EXPR, $FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, $OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@, $PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID, $>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $), $PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, $ARGV, @ARGV, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} =item Error Indicators =item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names =back =item BUGS =back =head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays =item Growing Your Own =item Access and Printing =item Slices =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Open E<agrave> la shell =over 4 =item Simple Opens =item Pipe Opens =item The Minus File =item Mixing Reads and Writes =item Filters =back =item Open E<agrave> la C =over 4 =item Permissions E<agrave> la mode =back =item Obscure Open Tricks =over 4 =item Re-Opening Files (dups) =item Dispelling the Dweomer =item Paths as Opens =item Single Argument Open =item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT =back =item Other I/O Issues =over 4 =item Opening Non-File Files =item Binary Files =item File Locking =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT =item HISTORY =back =head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Part 1: The basics =over 4 =item Simple word matching =item Using character classes =item Matching this or that =item Grouping things and hierarchical matching =item Extracting matches =item Matching repetitions =item Building a regexp =item Using regular expressions in Perl =back =item Part 2: Power tools =over 4 =item More on characters, strings, and character classes =item Compiling and saving regular expressions =item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression =item Non-capturing groupings =item Looking ahead and looking behind =item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking =item Conditional expressions =item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression =item Pragmas and debugging =back =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =over 4 =item Acknowledgments =back =back =head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION i, m, s, x =over 4 =item Regular Expressions cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit =item Extended Patterns C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{ code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)> =item Backtracking =item Version 8 Regular Expressions =item Warning on \1 vs $1 =item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring =item Combining pieces together C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>, C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>, C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> =item Creating custom RE engines =back =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures =over 4 =item NOTE =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Making References =item Using References =item Symbolic references =item Not-so-symbolic references =item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash =item Function Templates =back =item WARNING =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlform - Perl formats =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Format Variables =back =item NOTES =over 4 =item Footers =item Accessing Formatting Internals =back =item WARNINGS =back =head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item If we could talk to the animals... =item Introducing the method invocation arrow =item Invoking a barnyard =item The extra parameter of method invocation =item Calling a second method to simplify things =item Inheriting the windpipes =item A few notes about @ISA =item Overriding the methods =item Starting the search from a different place =item The SUPER way of doing things =item Where we're at so far... =item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it? =item Invoking an instance method =item Accessing the instance data =item How to build a horse =item Inheriting the constructor =item Making a method work with either classes or instances =item Adding parameters to a method =item More interesting instances =item A horse of a different color =item Summary =back =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Creating a Class =over 4 =item Object Representation =item Class Interface =item Constructors and Instance Methods =item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors =item Destructors =item Other Object Methods =back =item Class Data =over 4 =item Accessing Class Data =item Debugging Methods =item Class Destructors =item Documenting the Interface =back =item Aggregation =item Inheritance =over 4 =item Overridden Methods =item Multiple Inheritance =item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects =back =item Alternate Object Representations =over 4 =item Arrays as Objects =item Closures as Objects =back =item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods =over 4 =item Autoloaded Data Methods =item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods =back =item Metaclassical Tools =over 4 =item Class::Struct =item Data Members as Variables =back =item NOTES =over 4 =item Object Terminology =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =item COPYRIGHT =over 4 =item Acknowledgments =back =back =head2 perltootc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Class Data in a Can =item Class Data as Package Variables =over 4 =item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket =item Inheritance Concerns =item The Eponymous Meta-Object =item Indirect References to Class Data =item Monadic Classes =item Translucent Attributes =back =item Class Data as Lexical Variables =over 4 =item Privacy and Responsibility =item File-Scoped Lexicals =item More Inheritance Concerns =item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key =item Translucency Revisited =back =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =item HISTORY =back =head2 perlobj - Perl objects =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item An Object is Simply a Reference =item A Class is Simply a Package =item A Method is Simply a Subroutine =item Method Invocation =item WARNING =item Default UNIVERSAL methods isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) =item Destructors =item Summary =item Two-Phased Garbage Collection =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item OO SCALING TIPS =item INSTANCE VARIABLES =item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES =item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE =item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS =item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS =item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM =item THINKING OF CODE REUSE =item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT =item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR =item DELEGATION =back =head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Tying Scalars TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, DESTROY this =item Tying Arrays TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY this =item Tying Hashes USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this =item Tying FileHandles TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this =item UNTIE this =item The C<untie> Gotcha =back =item SEE ALSO =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Signals =item Named Pipes =over 4 =item WARNING =back =item Using open() for IPC =over 4 =item Filehandles =item Background Processes =item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent =item Safe Pipe Opens =item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process =item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself =back =item Sockets: Client/Server Communication =over 4 =item Internet Line Terminators =item Internet TCP Clients and Servers =item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers =back =item TCP Clients with IO::Socket =over 4 =item A Simple Client C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort> =item A Webget Client =item Interactive Client with IO::Socket =back =item TCP Servers with IO::Socket Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse =item UDP: Message Passing =item SysV IPC =item NOTES =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes $$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to files, directories and network sockets =item Resource limits =item Killing the parent process =item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes =item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger application, Thread-safety of extensions =back =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Storing numbers =item Numeric operators and numeric conversions =item Flavors of Perl numeric operations Arithmetic operators except, C<no integer>, Arithmetic operators except, C<use integer>, Bitwise operators, C<no integer>, Bitwise operators, C<use integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item What Is A Thread Anyway? =item Threaded Program Models =over 4 =item Boss/Worker =item Work Crew =item Pipeline =back =item Native threads =item What kind of threads are perl threads? =item Threadsafe Modules =item Thread Basics =over 4 =item Basic Thread Support =item Creating Threads =item Giving up control =item Waiting For A Thread To Exit =item Errors In Threads =item Ignoring A Thread =back =item Threads And Data =over 4 =item Shared And Unshared Data =item Thread Pitfall: Races =item Controlling access: lock() =item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks =item Queues: Passing Data Around =back =item Threads And Code =over 4 =item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores =item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines =item Subroutine Locks =item Methods =item Locking A Subroutine =back =item General Thread Utility Routines =over 4 =item What Thread Am I In? =item Thread IDs =item Are These Threads The Same? =item What Threads Are Running? =back =item A Complete Example =item Conclusion =item Bibliography =over 4 =item Introductory Texts =item OS-Related References =item Other References =back =item Acknowledgements =item AUTHOR =item Copyrights =back =head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is> portable =item ISSUES =over 4 =item Newlines =item Numbers endianness and Width =item Files and Filesystems =item System Interaction =item Interprocess Communication (IPC) =item External Subroutines (XS) =item Standard Modules =item Time and Date =item Character sets and character encoding =item Internationalisation =item System Resources =item Security =item Style =back =item CPAN Testers Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: http://testers.cpan.org/ =item PLATFORMS =over 4 =item Unix =item DOS and Derivatives =item S<Mac OS> =item VMS =item VOS =item EBCDIC Platforms =item Acorn RISC OS =item Other perls =back =item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS =over 4 =item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS =back =item CHANGES v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998 =item Supported Platforms =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS =item VERSION =back =head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES =item USING LOCALES =over 4 =item The use locale pragma =item The setlocale function =item Finding locales =item LOCALE PROBLEMS =item Temporarily fixing locale problems =item Permanently fixing locale problems =item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration =item Fixing system locale configuration =item The localeconv function =back =item LOCALE CATEGORIES =over 4 =item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation =item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types =item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting =item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts =item LC_TIME =item Other categories =back =item SECURITY =item ENVIRONMENT PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY, LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG =item NOTES =over 4 =item Backward compatibility =item I18N:Collate obsolete =item Sort speed and memory use impacts =item write() and LC_NUMERIC =item Freely available locale definitions =item I18n and l10n =item An imperfect standard =back =item BUGS =over 4 =item Broken systems =back =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Important Caveat Input and Output Disciplines, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to enable a few features =item Byte and Character semantics =item Effects of character semantics =item Character encodings for input and output =back =item CAVEATS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS =over 4 =item ASCII =item ISO 8859 =item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) =item EBCDIC =item 13 variant characters =item 0037 =item 1047 =item POSIX-BC =back =item SINGLE OCTET TABLES recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4 =item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS =item CONVERSIONS =over 4 =item tr/// =item iconv =item C RTL =back =item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES =item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack() =item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES =item SOCKETS =item SORTING =over 4 =item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. =item MONO CASE then sort data. =item Convert, sort data, then re convert. =item Perform sorting on one type of machine only. =back =item TRANFORMATION FORMATS =over 4 =item URL decoding and encoding =item uu encoding and decoding =item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding =item Caesarian cyphers =back =item Hashing order and checksums =item I18N AND L10N =item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS =item OS ISSUES =over 4 =item OS/400 IFS access =item OS/390 chcp, dataset access, OS/390 iconv, locales =item VM/ESA? =item POSIX-BC? =back =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item REFERENCES =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlsec - Perl security =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data =item Switches On the "#!" Line =item Cleaning Up Your Path =item Security Bugs =item Protecting Your Programs =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Packages =item Symbol Tables =item Package Constructors and Destructors =item Perl Classes =item Perl Modules =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY =over 4 =item Pragmatic Modules attributes, attrs, autouse, base, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, fields, filetest, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, strict, subs, utf8, vars, warnings, warnings::register =item Standard Modules AnyDBM_File, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::Struct, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, English, Env, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, FindBin, GDBM_File, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, I18N::Collate, IO, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Net::Ping, Net::hostent, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, Opcode, POSIX, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Harness, Text::Abbrev, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32 =item Extension Modules =back =item CPAN =over 4 =item Africa =item Asia =item Central America =item Europe =item North America =item Oceania =item South America =back =item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse =over 4 =item Guidelines for Module Creation Adding a Copyright Notice =item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules =item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code =back =item NOTE =back =head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item PREAMBLE B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module =back =item PORTABILITY =item HEY =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Warning =item What should I make into a module? =item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again =item Step-by-step: Making the module Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README =item Step-by-step: Distributing your module Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.23 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item What is Perl? =item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? =item Which version of Perl should I use? =item What are perl4 and perl5? =item What is perl6? =item How stable is Perl? =item Is Perl difficult to learn? =item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl? =item Can I do [task] in Perl? =item When shouldn't I program in Perl? =item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? =item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? =item What is a JAPH? =item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? =item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version 5/5.005/Perl instead of some other language? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.32 $, $Date: 1999/10/14 18:46:09 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? =item How can I get a binary version of Perl? =item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? =item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work. =item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? =item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean? =item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? =item Where can I get information on Perl? =item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? =item Where should I post source code? =item Perl Books References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics =item Perl in Magazines =item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access =item What mailing lists are there for Perl? =item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc =item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? =item Where do I send bug reports? =item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How do I do (anything)? =item How can I use Perl interactively? =item Is there a Perl shell? =item How do I debug my Perl programs? =item How do I profile my Perl programs? =item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs? =item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? =item Is there a ctags for Perl? =item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? CodeMagicCD, Komodo, The Object System, PerlBuilder, Perl code magic, visiPerl+, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha =item Where can I get Perl macros for vi? =item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs? =item How can I use curses with Perl? =item How can I use X or Tk with Perl? =item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? =item What is undump? =item How can I make my Perl program run faster? =item How can I make my Perl program take less memory? =item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data? =item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? =item How can I make my CGI script more efficient? =item How can I hide the source for my Perl program? =item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? =item How can I compile Perl into Java? =item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? =item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line? =item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? =item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl? =item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? =item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] =item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong? =item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? =item What's MakeMaker? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.49 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 20:37:49 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Data: Numbers =over 4 =item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? =item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? =item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions? =item How do I convert bits into ints? =item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? =item How do I multiply matrices? =item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? =item How can I output Roman numerals? =item Why aren't my random numbers random? =back =item Data: Dates =over 4 =item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year? =item How do I find the current century or millennium? =item How can I compare two dates and find the difference? =item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? =item How can I find the Julian Day? =item How do I find yesterday's date? =item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? =back =item Data: Strings =over 4 =item How do I validate input? =item How do I unescape a string? =item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? =item How do I expand function calls in a string? =item How do I find matching/nesting anything? =item How do I reverse a string? =item How do I expand tabs in a string? =item How do I reformat a paragraph? =item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string? =item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? =item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string? =item How do I capitalize all the words on one line? =item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]? (Comma-separated files) =item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? =item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? =item How do I extract selected columns from a string? =item How do I find the soundex value of a string? =item How can I expand variables in text strings? =item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? =item Why don't my <<HERE documents work? 1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of the tag =back =item Data: Arrays =over 4 =item What is the difference between a list and an array? =item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]? =item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? a), b), c), d), e) =item How can I tell whether a list or array contains a certain element? =item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays? =item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? =item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? =item How do I handle linked lists? =item How do I handle circular lists? =item How do I shuffle an array randomly? =item How do I process/modify each element of an array? =item How do I select a random element from an array? =item How do I permute N elements of a list? =item How do I sort an array by (anything)? =item How do I manipulate arrays of bits? =item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? =back =item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) =over 4 =item How do I process an entire hash? =item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it? =item How do I look up a hash element by value? =item How can I know how many entries are in a hash? =item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? =item How can I always keep my hash sorted? =item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? =item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction? =item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? =item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? =item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? =item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? =item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it? =item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays? =item How can I use a reference as a hash key? =back =item Data: Misc =over 4 =item How do I handle binary data correctly? =item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? =item How do I keep persistent data across program calls? =item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? =item How do I define methods for every class/object? =item How do I verify a credit card checksum? =item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? =item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? =item How do I count the number of lines in a file? =item How do I make a temporary file name? =item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? =item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? =item How can I use a filehandle indirectly? =item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? =item How can I write() into a string? =item How can I output my numbers with commas added? =item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename? =item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? =item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>? =item Is there a leak/bug in glob()? =item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? =item How can I reliably rename a file? =item How can I lock a file? =item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? =item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this? =item How do I randomly update a binary file? =item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? =item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? =item How do I print to more than one file at once? =item How can I read in an entire file all at once? =item How can I read in a file by paragraphs? =item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? =item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle? =item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl? =item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? =item How do I close a file descriptor by number? =item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? What doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work? =item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files? =item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? =item How do I select a random line from a file? =item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq6 - Regexes ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code? Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters =item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? =item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines? =item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong? =item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS? =item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets? =item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>? =item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? =item What is C</o> really for? =item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file? =item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? =item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? =item How do I process each word on each line? =item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? =item How can I do approximate matching? =item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once? =item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me? =item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? =item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression? =item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? =item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context? =item How can I match strings with multibyte characters? =item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq7 - Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 20:36:18 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language? =item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them? =item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas? =item How do I skip some return values? =item How do I temporarily block warnings? =item What's an extension? =item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? =item How do I declare/create a structure? =item How do I create a module? =item How do I create a class? =item How can I tell if a variable is tainted? =item What's a closure? =item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? =item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}? Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods =item How do I create a static variable? =item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()? =item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope? =item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding? =item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right? =item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? =item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? =item How do I create a switch or case statement? =item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods? =item Why can't a method included in this same file be found? =item How can I find out my current package? =item How can I comment out a large block of perl code? =item How do I clear a package? =item How can I use a variable as a variable name? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.39 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 18:37:57 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? =item How come exec() doesn't return? =item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? Keyboard, Screen, Mouse =item How do I print something out in color? =item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? =item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? =item How do I clear the screen? =item How do I get the screen size? =item How do I ask the user for a password? =item How do I read and write the serial port? lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input =item How do I decode encrypted password files? =item How do I start a process in the background? STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies =item How do I trap control characters/signals? =item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? =item How do I set the time and date? =item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? =item How can I measure time under a second? =item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) =item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? =item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? =item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? =item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? =item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? =item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? =item How can I capture STDERR from an external command? =item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? =item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? =item How can I call backticks without shell processing? =item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)? =item How can I convert my shell script to perl? =item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? =item How can I write expect in Perl? =item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as "ps"? =item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible? Unix =item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete? =item How do I fork a daemon process? =item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? =item How do I timeout a slow event? =item How do I set CPU limits? =item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? =item How do I use an SQL database? =item How do I make a system() exit on control-C? =item How do I open a file without blocking? =item How do I install a module from CPAN? =item What's the difference between require and use? =item How do I keep my own module/library directory? =item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path? =item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime? =item What is socket.ph and where do I get it? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.26 $, $Date: 1999/05/23 16:08:30 $) =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error) =item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? =item How do I remove HTML from a string? =item How do I extract URLs? =item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine? =item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML? =item How do I fetch an HTML file? =item How do I automate an HTML form submission? =item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? =item How do I redirect to another page? =item How do I put a password on my web pages? =item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? =item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things? =item How do I parse a mail header? =item How do I decode a CGI form? =item How do I check a valid mail address? =item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? =item How do I return the user's mail address? =item How do I send mail? =item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? =item How do I read mail? =item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? =item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? =item How do I fetch/put an FTP file? =item How can I do RPC in Perl? =back =item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Layout B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref =back =item Using The Back Ends =over 4 =item The Cross Referencing Back End i, &, s, r =item The Decompiling Back End =item The Lint Back End =item The Simple C Back End =item The Bytecode Back End =item The Optimized C Back End B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref =back =item KNOWN PROBLEMS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item PREAMBLE B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?> =item ROADMAP =item Compiling your C program =item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program =item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program =item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program =item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program =item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program =item Maintaining a persistent interpreter =item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances =item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program =back =item Embedding Perl under Win32 =item MORAL =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Debugger Internals =over 4 =item Writing Your Own Debugger =back =item Frame Listing Output Examples =item Debugging regular expressions =over 4 =item Compile-time output C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass> I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>, C<anchored(TYPE)> =item Types of nodes =item Run-time output =back =item Debugging Perl memory usage =over 4 =item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}> C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail: 6144> =item Example of using B<-DL> switch C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704> =item B<-DL> details C<!!!>, C<!!>, C<!> =item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item SPECIAL NOTES =over 4 =item make =item Version caveat =item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading =back =item TUTORIAL =over 4 =item EXAMPLE 1 =item EXAMPLE 2 =item What has gone on? =item Writing good test scripts =item EXAMPLE 3 =item What's new here? =item Input and Output Parameters =item The XSUBPP Program =item The TYPEMAP file =item Warning about Output Arguments =item EXAMPLE 4 =item What has happened here? =item Anatomy of .xs file =item Getting the fat out of XSUBs =item More about XSUB arguments =item The Argument Stack =item Extending your Extension =item Documenting your Extension =item Installing your Extension =item EXAMPLE 5 =item New Things in this Example =item EXAMPLE 6 =item New Things in this Example =item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) =item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) =item EXAMPLE 9 (Coming Soon) =item Troubleshooting these Examples =back =item See also =item Author =over 4 =item Last Changed =back =back =head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Introduction =item On The Road =item The Anatomy of an XSUB =item The Argument Stack =item The RETVAL Variable =item The MODULE Keyword =item The PACKAGE Keyword =item The PREFIX Keyword =item The OUTPUT: Keyword =item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword =item The CODE: Keyword =item The INIT: Keyword =item The NO_INIT Keyword =item Initializing Function Parameters =item Default Parameter Values =item The PREINIT: Keyword =item The SCOPE: Keyword =item The INPUT: Keyword =item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords =item Variable-length Parameter Lists =item The C_ARGS: Keyword =item The PPCODE: Keyword =item Returning Undef And Empty Lists =item The REQUIRE: Keyword =item The CLEANUP: Keyword =item The POST_CALL: Keyword =item The BOOT: Keyword =item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword =item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword =item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword =item The ALIAS: Keyword =item The INTERFACE: Keyword =item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword =item The INCLUDE: Keyword =item The CASE: Keyword =item The & Unary Operator =item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives =item Using XS With C++ =item Interface Strategy =item Perl Objects And C Structures =item The Typemap =back =item EXAMPLES =item XS VERSION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Conventions C<t>, C<p>, C<n>, C<s> =item File Operations =item File Input and Output =item File Positioning =item Memory Management and String Handling =item Character Class Tests =item F<stdlib.h> functions =item Miscellaneous functions =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Variables =over 4 =item Datatypes =item What is an "IV"? =item Working with SVs =item Offsets =item What's Really Stored in an SV? =item Working with AVs =item Working with HVs =item Hash API Extensions =item References =item Blessed References and Class Objects =item Creating New Variables =item Reference Counts and Mortality =item Stashes and Globs =item Double-Typed SVs =item Magic Variables =item Assigning Magic =item Magic Virtual Tables =item Finding Magic =item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays =item Localizing changes C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>, C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV* save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>, C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>, C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void save_hptr(HV **hptr)> =back =item Subroutines =over 4 =item XSUBs and the Argument Stack =item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs =item Memory Allocation =item PerlIO =item Putting a C value on Perl stack =item Scratchpads =item Scratchpads and recursion =back =item Compiled code =over 4 =item Code tree =item Examining the tree =item Compile pass 1: check routines =item Compile pass 1a: constant folding =item Compile pass 2: context propagation =item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization =back =item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions =item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported =over 4 =item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT =item So what happened to dTHR? =item How do I use all this in extensions? =item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads? =item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS =back =item Internal Functions A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x =over 4 =item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs =item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer =item Source Documentation =back =item Unicode Support =over 4 =item What B<is> Unicode, anyway? =item How can I recognise a UTF8 string? =item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters? =item How does Perl store UTF8 strings? =item How do I convert a string to UTF8? =item Is there anything else I need to know? =back =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program =item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv =item FLAG VALUES =over 4 =item G_VOID =item G_SCALAR =item G_ARRAY =item G_DISCARD =item G_NOARGS =item G_EVAL =item G_KEEPERR =item Determining the Context =back =item KNOWN PROBLEMS =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item No Parameters, Nothing returned =item Passing Parameters =item Returning a Scalar =item Returning a list of values =item Returning a list in a scalar context =item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list =item Using G_EVAL =item Using G_KEEPERR =item Using call_sv =item Using call_argv =item Using call_method =item Using GIMME_V =item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries =item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback =item Alternate Stack Manipulation =item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item DATE =back =head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item DOCUMENTATION L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>, L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>, L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>, L<roffitall|roffitall> =item CONVERTORS L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl> =item Development L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>, L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc> =item SEE ALSO =back =back =head2 perlfilter - Source Filters =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item CONCEPTS =item USING FILTERS =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C B<Decryption Filters> =item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE =item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL =item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER =item CONCLUSION =item REQUIREMENTS =item AUTHOR =item Copyrights =back =head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>, B<filter_fetch_value> =over 4 =item The Filter =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. =item Another Example -- Key is a C int. =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill, av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift, bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, CLASS, Copy, croak, CvSTASH, dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, dXSARGS, dXSI32, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv, EXTEND, fbm_compile, fbm_instr, FREETMPS, get_av, get_cv, get_hv, get_sv, GIMME, GIMME_V, GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID, HEf_SVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set, HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists, hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey, hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iterval, hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string, items, ix, LEAVE, looks_like_number, MARK, mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set, Move, New, newAV, Newc, newCONSTSUB, newHV, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, NEWSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, newXS, newXSproto, Newz, Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv, ORIGMARK, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct, perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, Renew, Renewc, require_pv, RETVAL, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, SAVETMPS, SP, SPAGAIN, ST, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, StructCopy, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGETMAGIC, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV, SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off, SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVX, SvPV_force, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec, SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, svtype, SvTYPE, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, sv_2mortal, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert, sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv, sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpviv, sv_setpviv_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg, sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn, THIS, toLOWER, toUPPER, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes, utf8_to_uv, utf8_to_uv_simple, uv_to_utf8, warn, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XS, XSRETURN, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF, XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK, Zero =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal> Perl functions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION is_gv_magical, LVRET, PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv, PL_rs =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION B<PerlIO *>, B<PerlIO_stdin()>, B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>, B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>, B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>, B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>, B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>, B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,o,w)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()> =over 4 =item Co-existence with stdio B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,flags)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>, B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>, B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_bufsiz(f)> =back =back =head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Infrastructure =over 4 =item Mailing list archives =item Bug tracking system =item Regression Tests Coverage, Regression, __DIE__, suidperl, The 25% slowdown from perl4 to perl5 =back =item Configure =over 4 =item Install HTML =back =item Perl Language =over 4 =item 64-bit Perl =item Prototypes Named prototypes, Indirect objects, Method calls, Context, Scoped subs =back =item Perl Internals =over 4 =item magic_setisa =item Garbage Collection =item Reliable signals Alternate runops() for signal despatch, Figure out how to die() in delayed sighandler, Add tests for Thread::Signal, Automatic tests against CPAN =item Interpolated regex performance bugs =item Memory leaks from failed eval/regcomp =item Make XS easier to use =item Make embedded Perl easier to use =item Namespace cleanup =item MULTIPLICITY =item MacPerl =back =item Documentation =over 4 =item A clear division into tutorial and reference =item Remove the artificial distinction between operators and functions =item More tutorials Regular expressions, I/O, pack/unpack, Debugging =item Include a search tool =item Include a locate tool =item Separate function manpages by default =item Users can't find the manpages =item Install ALL Documentation =item Outstanding issues to be documented =item Adapt www.linuxhq.com for Perl =item Replace man with a perl program =item Unicode tutorial =back =item Modules =over 4 =item Update the POSIX extension to conform with the POSIX 1003.1 Edition 2 =item Module versions =item New modules =item Profiler =item Tie Modules VecArray, SubstrArray, VirtualArray, ShiftSplice =item Procedural options =item RPC =item y2k localtime/gmtime =item Export File::Find variables =item Ioctl =item Debugger attach/detach =item Regular Expression debugger =item Alternative RE Syntax =item Bundled modules =item Expect =item GUI::Native =item Update semibroken auxiliary tools; h2ph, a2p, etc. =item pod2html =item Podchecker =back =item Tom's Wishes =over 4 =item Webperl =item Mobile agents =item POSIX on non-POSIX =item Portable installations =back =item Win32 Stuff =over 4 =item Rename new headers to be consistent with the rest =item Sort out the spawnvp() mess =item Work out DLL versioning =item Style-check =back =item Would be nice to have C<pack "(stuff)*">, Contiguous bitfields in pack/unpack, lexperl, Bundled perl preprocessor, Use posix calls internally where possible, format BOTTOM, -i rename file only when successfully changed, All ARGV input should act like <>, report HANDLE [formats], support in perlmain to rerun debugger, lvalue functions =item Possible pragmas =over 4 =item 'less' =back =item Optimizations =over 4 =item constant function cache =item foreach(reverse...) =item Cache eval tree =item rcatmaybe =item Shrink opcode tables =item Cache hash value =item Optimize away @_ where possible =item Optimize sort by { $a <=> $b } =item Rewrite regexp parser for better integrated optimization =back =item Vague possibilities ref function in list context, make tr/// return histogram in list context?, Loop control on do{} et al, Explicit switch statements, compile to real threaded code, structured types, Modifiable $1 et al =item To Do Or Not To Do =over 4 =item Making my() work on "package" variables =item "or" testing defined not truth =item "dynamic" lexicals =item "class"-based, rather than package-based "lexicals" =back =item Threading =over 4 =item Modules =item Testing =item $AUTOLOAD =item exit/die =item External threads =item Thread::Pool =item thread-safety =item Per-thread GVs =back =item Compiler =over 4 =item Optimization =item Byteperl =item Precompiled modules =item Executables =item Typed lexicals =item Win32 =item END blocks =item _AUTOLOAD =item comppadlist =item Cached compilation =back =item Recently Finished Tasks =over 4 =item Figure a way out of $^(capital letter) =item Filenames =item Foreign lines =item Namespace cleanup =item ISA.pm =item gettimeofday =item autocroak? =back =back =head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words =over 4 =item Keeping in sync rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the NFS, rsync'ing the patches =item Why rsync the source tree It's easier, It's more recent, It's more reliable =item Why rsync the patches It's easier, It's a good reference, Finding a start point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour =item Submitting patches L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>, F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ =item Finding Your Way Around Core modules, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter =item Elements of the interpreter Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running =item Internal Variable Types =item Op Trees =item Stacks Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack =item Millions of Macros =item Poking at Perl =item Using a source-level debugger run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, 'enter', print =item Dumping Perl Data Structures =item Patching =back =item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL =over 4 =item Rational Software's Purify =item Purify on Unix -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity =item Purify on NT DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug =item CONCLUSION I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.> =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlhist - the Perl history records =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item INTRODUCTION =item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN =over 4 =item PUMPKIN? =back =item THE RECORDS =over 4 =item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES =item SELECTED PATCH SIZES =back =item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS =back =head2 perldelta - what's new for perl v5.6 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 =over 4 =item Security Issues =item Core bug fixes C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(), Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes, map(), Debugger, Locales, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support, Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no Module;>, Tests =item Core features =item Configuration issues =item Documentation =item Bundled modules B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN, Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash =item Platform-specific improvements NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX =item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency =item Lexically scoped warning categories =item Unicode and UTF-8 support =item Support for interpolating named characters =item "our" declarations =item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals =item Improved Perl version numbering system =item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes =item File and directory handles can be autovivified =item open() with more than two arguments =item 64-bit support =item Large file support =item Long doubles =item "more bits" =item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines =item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed =item File globbing implemented internally =item Support for CHECK blocks =item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported =item Better pseudo-random number generator =item Improved C<qw//> operator =item Better worst-case behavior of hashes =item pack() format 'Z' supported =item pack() format modifier '!' supported =item pack() and unpack() support counted strings =item Comments in pack() templates =item Weak references =item Binary numbers supported =item Lvalue subroutines =item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references =item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues =item exists() is supported on subroutine names =item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements =item Pseudo-hashes work better =item Automatic flushing of output buffers =item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations =item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle =item eof() has the same old magic as <> =item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes =item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" =item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure =item Improved diagnostics =item Diagnostics follow STDERR =item More consistent close-on-exec behavior =item syswrite() ease-of-use =item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators =item Bit operators support full native integer width =item Improved security features =item More functional bareword prototype (*) =item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden =item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character =item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch =item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string =item Optional Y2K warnings =item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item Modules attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters =item Pragmata =back =item Utility Changes =over 4 =item dprofpp =item find2perl =item h2xs =item perlcc =item perldoc =item The Perl Debugger =back =item Improved Documentation perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod =item Performance enhancements =over 4 =item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized =item Optimized assignments to lexical variables =item Faster subroutine calls =item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster =back =item Installation and Configuration Improvements =over 4 =item -Dusethreads means something different =item New Configure flags =item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring =item Long Doubles =item -Dusemorebits =item -Duselargefiles =item installusrbinperl =item SOCKS support =item C<-A> flag =item Enhanced Installation Directories =item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working =back =item Platform specific changes =over 4 =item Supported platforms =item DOS =item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) =item VMS =item Win32 =back =item Significant bug fixes =over 4 =item <HANDLE> on empty files =item C<eval '...'> improvements =item All compilation errors are true errors =item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer =item Behavior of list slices is more consistent =item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}> =item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD =item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer> =item Failures in DESTROY() =item Locale bugs fixed =item Memory leaks =item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls =item Taint failures under C<-U> =item END blocks and the C<-c> switch =item Potential to leak DATA filehandles =back =item New or Changed Diagnostics "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number =item New tests =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item Perl Source Incompatibilities CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results =item C Source Incompatibilities C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC> =item Compatible C Source API Changes C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION> =item Binary Incompatibilities =back =item Known Problems =over 4 =item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory =item Known test failures 64-bit builds, Failure of Thread tests, NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure, Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc =item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported =item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run =item Arrow operator and arrays =item Experimental features Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs: =back =item Obsolete Diagnostics Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated =item Reporting Bugs =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perl5005delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.005 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item About the new versioning system =item Incompatible Changes =over 4 =item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004. =item Default installation structure has changed =item Perl Source Compatibility =item C Source Compatibility =item Binary Compatibility =item Security fixes may affect compatibility =item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004 =item Licensing =back =item Core Changes =over 4 =item Threads =item Compiler =item Regular Expressions Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible changes =item Improved malloc() =item Quicksort is internally implemented =item Reliable signals =item Reliable stack pointers =item More generous treatment of carriage returns =item Memory leaks =item Better support for multiple interpreters =item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined =item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module =item Pseudo-hashes are supported =item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported =item Keywords can be globally overridden =item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32 =item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized =item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name =item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package =item Better locale support =item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms =item prototype() returns useful results on builtins =item Extended support for exception handling =item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods =item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally =item New C<INIT> keyword =item New C<lock> keyword =item New C<qr//> operator =item C<our> is now a reserved word =item Tied arrays are now fully supported =item Tied handles support is better =item 4th argument to substr =item Negative LENGTH argument to splice =item Magic lvalues are now more magical =item <> now reads in records =back =item Supported Platforms =over 4 =item New Platforms =item Changes in existing support =back =item Modules and Pragmata =over 4 =item New Modules B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re =item Changes in existing modules Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd =back =item Utility Changes =item Documentation Changes =item New Diagnostics Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed =item Obsolete Diagnostics Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open temporary file, regexp too big =item Configuration Changes =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perl5004delta, perldelta - what's new for perl5.004 =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Supported Environments =item Core Changes =over 4 =item List assignment to %ENV works =item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error =item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003 =item $PERL5OPT environment variable =item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options =item More precise warnings =item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods =item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable =item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified =item Group vector changeable with C<$)> =item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc. =item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc. =item No resetting of $. on implicit close =item C<wantarray> may return undef =item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context =item Changes to tainting checks No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name =item New Opcode module and revised Safe module =item Embedding improvements =item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes =item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface =item New and changed syntax $coderef->(PARAMS) =item New and changed builtin constants __PACKAGE__ =item New and changed builtin variables $^E, $^H, $^M =item New and changed builtin functions delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals =item New builtin methods isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) =item TIEHANDLE now supported TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this =item Malloc enhancements -DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE =item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements =back =item Support for More Operating Systems =over 4 =item Win32 =item Plan 9 =item QNX =item AmigaOS =back =item Pragmata use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish =item Modules =over 4 =item Required Updates =item Installation directories =item Module information summary =item Fcntl =item IO =item Math::Complex =item Math::Trig =item DB_File =item Net::Ping =item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators =back =item Utility Changes =over 4 =item pod2html Sends converted HTML to standard output =item xsubpp C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing =back =item C Language API Changes C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for manipulating hashes =item Documentation Changes L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>, L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec> =item New Diagnostics "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number, internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX =item OS level =item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX =item The IBM ANSI C Compiler =item Using GNU's gcc for building perl =item Using Large Files with Perl =item Threaded Perl =item 64-bit Perl =item GDBM and Threads =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) =back =item AUTHOR =item DATE =back =head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Prerequisites B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS> =item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS =item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS =back =item INSTALLATION =item Accessing documentation =over 4 =item Manpages =item B<HTML> =item B<GNU> C<info> files =item C<LaTeX> docs =back =item BUILD =over 4 =item Prerequisites =item Getting the perl source =item Making sh Configure -Dprefix=/ade -Dloclibpth=/ade/lib =item Testing =item Installing the built perl =back =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item gzip =item bison =item Unpacking =item Compiling =item Testing =item Install =item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell =item Using Perl in "native" BS2000 =item Floating point anomalies =back =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =over 4 =item Mailing list =back =item HISTORY =back =head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item PREREQUISITES =over 4 =item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it) =item Cygwin Configuration C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions =back =item CONFIGURE =over 4 =item Strip Binaries =item Optional Libraries C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>), C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>) =item Configure-time Options C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>, C<-Duseperlio>, C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles> =item Suspicious Warnings I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines =back =item MAKE =over 4 =item Warnings =item ld2 =back =item TEST =over 4 =item File Permissions =item Hard Links =item Filetime Granularity =item Tainting Checks =item /etc/group =item Script Portability Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous =back =item INSTALL =item MANIFEST Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =item HISTORY =back =head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Prerequisites DJGPP, Pthreads =item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS =item Building =item Testing =item Installation =back =item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES =over 4 =item Prerequisites =item Unpacking CPAN Modules =item Building Non-XS Modules =item Building XS Modules =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item INTRODUCTION =item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC =item STARTING PERL ON EPOC =item STOPPING PERL ON EPOC =item USING PERL ON EPOC =over 4 =item I/O Redirection =item PATH Names =item Editors =item Features =item Restrictions =item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment =back =item SUPPORT STATUS =item AUTHOR =item LAST UPDATE =back =head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix (HP-UX) systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX =item PA-RISC =item PA-RISC 1.0 =item PA-RISC 1.1 =item PA-RISC 2.0 =item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions =item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX =item The HP ANSI C Compiler =item Using Large Files with Perl =item Threaded Perl =item 64-bit Perl =item GDBM and Threads =item NFS filesystems and utime(2) =item perl -P and // =back =item AUTHOR =item DATE =back =head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen =item Failures during C<make test> op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t =item Building external modules =back =item AUTHOR =item DATE =back =head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =item DATE =back =head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE =head1 SYNOPSIS =over 4 =item What's New =item System Requirements =item How to Obtain Perl/iX =item Distribution Contents Highlights README, public_html/feedback.cgi, 4, 6 =item Getting Started with Perl/iX =item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations =item Change History =back =head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =back =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Target =item Other OSes =item Prerequisites EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh =item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...) =item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl =back =item Frequently asked questions =over 4 =item "It does not work" =item I cannot run external programs =item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my program. Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use L<ExtUtils::Embed>? =item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS. =item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file> =back =item INSTALLATION =over 4 =item Automatic binary installation C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm> =item Manual binary installation Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh =item B<Warning> =back =item Accessing documentation =over 4 =item OS/2 F<.INF> file =item Plain text =item Manpages =item HTML =item GNU C<info> files =item F<.PDF> files =item C<LaTeX> docs =back =item BUILD =over 4 =item The short story =item Prerequisites =item Getting perl source =item Application of the patches =item Hand-editing =item Making =item Testing A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>, F<op/stat.t> =item Installing the built perl =item C<a.out>-style build =back =item Build FAQ =over 4 =item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh. =item C<'errno'> - unresolved external =item Problems with tr or sed =item Some problem (forget which ;-) =item Library ... not found =item Segfault in make =item op/sprintf test failure =back =item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port =over 4 =item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority> =item C<system()> =item C<extproc> on the first line =item Additional modules: =item Prebuilt methods: C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>, C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>, C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>, C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>, OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>, C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>, OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)> =item Prebuilt variables: $OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver =item Misfeatures =item Modifications C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>, C<flock> =item Identifying DLLs =item Centralized management of resources C<HAB>, C<HMQ> =back =item Perl flavors =over 4 =item F<perl.exe> =item F<perl_.exe> =item F<perl__.exe> =item F<perl___.exe> =item Why strange names? =item Why dynamic linking? =item Why chimera build? =back =item ENVIRONMENT =over 4 =item C<PERLLIB_PREFIX> =item C<PERL_BADLANG> =item C<PERL_BADFREE> =item C<PERL_SH_DIR> =item C<USE_PERL_FLOCK> =item C<TMP> or C<TEMP> =back =item Evolution =over 4 =item Priorities =item DLL name mangling =item Threading =item Calls to external programs =item Memory allocation =item Threads C<COND_WAIT>, F<os2.c> =back =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Unpacking =item Setup and utilities =item Configure =item Build, test, install =item build anomalies =item testing anomalies =item installation anomalies =item Usage Hints =item Floating point anomalies =item Modules and Extensions =back =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =over 4 =item Mailing list =back =item HISTORY =back =head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Solaris Version Numbers. =back =item RESOURCES Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation =item SETTING UP =over 4 =item File Extraction Problems. =item Compiler and Related Tools. =item Environment =back =item RUN CONFIGURE. =over 4 =item 64-bit Issues. =item Threads. =item Malloc Issues. =back =item MAKE PROBLEMS. Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found =item MAKE TEST =over 4 =item op/stat.t test 4 =back =item PREBUILT BINARIES. =item RUNTIME ISSUES. =over 4 =item Limits on Numbers of Open Files. =back =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES. =item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES. =over 4 =item Proc::ProcessTable =item BSD::Resource =item Net::SSLeay =back =item AUTHOR =item LAST MODIFIED =back =head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Unpacking =item Setup and utilities =item Configure Don't turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There's a bug in the compiler (APAR PQ18812) that generates some bad code the optimizer is on, As VM/ESA doesn't fully support the fork() API programs relying on this call will not work. I've replaced fork()/exec() with spawn() and the standalone exec() with spawn(). This has a side effect when opening unnamed pipes in a shell script: there is no child process generated under =item testing anomalies =item Usage Hints When using perl on VM/ESA please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII character sets are different. Perl builtin functions that may behave differently under EBCDIC are mentioned in the perlport.pod document. =back =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =over 4 =item Mailing list =back =back =head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =item Installation =item Organization of Perl Images =over 4 =item Core Images =item Perl Extensions =item Installing static extensions =item Installing dynamic extensions =back =item File specifications =over 4 =item Syntax =item Wildcard expansion =item Pipes =back =item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB =item Command line =over 4 =item I/O redirection and backgrounding =item Command line switches -i, -S, -u =back =item Perl functions File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS =item Perl variables %ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $^S, $| =item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences =over 4 =item SDBM_File =back =item Revision date =item AUTHOR =back =head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =over 4 =item Stratus POSIX Support =back =item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS =over 4 =item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS =item Installing Perl 5 on VOS =back =item USING PERL IN VOS =over 4 =item Unimplemented Features =item Restrictions =back =item SUPPORT STATUS =item AUTHOR =item LAST UPDATE =back =head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Win32 =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Setting Up Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Mingw32 with GCC =item Building =item Testing =item Installation =item Usage Hints Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line, Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific Extensions, Running Perl Scripts, Miscellaneous Things =back =item BUGS AND CAVEATS =item AUTHORS Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons E<lt>nick@ni-s.u-net.comE<gt> =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION method, locked =back =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Built-in Attributes locked, method, lvalue =item Available Subroutines get, reftype =item Package-specific Attribute Handling FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES =item Syntax of Attribute Lists =back =item EXPORTS =over 4 =item Default exports =item Available exports =item Export tags defined =back =item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION method, locked =back =head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item WARNING =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character semantics =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal escape. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CUSTOM TRANSLATORS =item BUGS =back =head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTES =item TECHNICAL NOTE =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning diagnostics =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The C<diagnostics> Pragma =item The I<splain> Program =back =item EXAMPLES =item INTERNALS =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 fields - compile-time class fields =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION new, phash =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item subpragma access =back =back =head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating point =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Adding directories to @INC =item Deleting directories from @INC =item Restoring original @INC =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in operations =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 open - perl pragma to set default disciplines for input and output =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item UNIMPLEMENTED FUNCTIONALITY =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Declaration of overloaded functions =item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations FALSE, TRUE, C<undef> =item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations =item Calling Conventions for Mutators C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions =item Overloadable Operations I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>, I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special> =item Inheritance and overloading Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes =back =item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload> =over 4 =item Last Resort =item Fallback C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE =item Copy Constructor B<Example> =back =item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>, I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>, I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Copy operator> =item Losing overloading =item Run-time Overloading =item Public functions overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op) =item Overloading constants integer, float, binary, q, qr =item IMPLEMENTATION =item Metaphor clash =item Cookbook =over 4 =item Two-face scalars =item Two-face references =item Symbolic calculator =item I<Really> symbolic calculator =back =item AUTHOR =item DIAGNOSTICS Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable type, `%s' is not a code reference =item BUGS =back =head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS =over 4 =item SIGNAL HANDLERS B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler> =item SIGNAL LISTS B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals> =item OTHER B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number> =back =item EXAMPLES =back =head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs> =back =head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 in source code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category), warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message), warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message), warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message), warnings::warnif($object, $message) =back =head2 warnings::register - warnings import function =head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION =head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item DBM Comparisons [0], [1], [2], [3] =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Subroutine Stubs =item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine =item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine =item Package Lexicals =item Not Using AutoLoader =item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader> =back =item CAVEATS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $keep, $check, $modtime =over 4 =item Multiple packages =back =item DIAGNOSTICS =back =head2 B - The Perl Compiler =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES =over 4 =item SV-RELATED CLASSES =item B::SV METHODS REFCNT, FLAGS =item B::IV METHODS IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv =item B::NV METHODS NV, NVX =item B::RV METHODS RV =item B::PV METHODS PV, PVX =item B::PVMG METHODS MAGIC, SvSTASH =item B::MAGIC METHODS MOREMAGIC, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR =item B::PVLV METHODS TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG =item B::BM METHODS USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE =item B::GV METHODS is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS =item B::IO METHODS LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV, BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS =item B::AV METHODS FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS =item B::CV METHODS STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS =item B::HV METHODS FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY =item OP-RELATED CLASSES =item B::OP METHODS next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private =item B::UNOP METHOD first =item B::BINOP METHOD last =item B::LOGOP METHOD other =item B::LISTOP METHOD children =item B::PMOP METHODS pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmpermflags, precomp =item B::SVOP METHOD sv, gv =item B::PADOP METHOD padix =item B::PVOP METHOD pv =item B::LOOP METHODS redoop, nextop, lastop =item B::COP METHODS label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line =back =item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B> main_cv, init_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHORS =back =head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> Stores package in the output. =back =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =back =head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>, B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fno-cog>, B<-On>, B<-llimit> =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>, B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>, B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On> =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS =item DIFFERENCES =over 4 =item Loops =item Context of ".." =item Arithmetic =item Deprecated features =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>, B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>, B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env> =item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>, B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>, B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>, B<#classym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>, B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphenseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>, B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>, B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>, B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum> =item ABBREVIATIONS =over 4 =item OP flags abbreviations =item OP class abbreviations =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-q>, B<-u>I<PACKAGE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>, B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL> =item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE =over 4 =item Synopsis =item Description =item new =item coderef2text =back =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Lint - Perl lint =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none> =item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS B<-u Package> =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONVENTIONS =item IMPLEMENTATION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded =head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-D[tO]> =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Methods new, debug, iters =item Standard Exports timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] ) =item Optional Exports clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 ) =back =item NOTES =item EXAMPLES =item INHERITANCE =item CAVEATS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item MODIFICATION HISTORY =back =head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPTIONS B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>, B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage> Stores package in the output. =back =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =back =head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item PROGRAMMING STYLE =item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE): =item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE =item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY: =item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT: =item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER: =item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER: =item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER: =item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE: =item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY: =item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS: =item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST: =item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH: =item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE: =item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS =item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>, B<:standard>, B<:all> =item PRAGMAS -any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_xhtml, -nph, -newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug, -private_tempfiles =item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS 1. start_table() (generates a <TABLE> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a </TABLE> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <UL> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates a </UL> tag) =back =item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS =over 4 =item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: =item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER =item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6.. =item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT: =item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION: =item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query> (B<-query_string>), B<-base> =item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS =back =item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS: =over 4 =item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS =item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS =item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION =item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS =item AUTOESCAPING HTML $escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); =item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML =back =item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS: =over 4 =item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG =item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data> =item CREATING A TEXT FIELD B<Parameters> =item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD =item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD =item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD B<Parameters> =item CREATING A POPUP MENU =item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST B<Parameters:> =item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES B<Parameters:> =item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX B<Parameters:> =item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP B<Parameters:> =item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON B<Parameters:> =item CREATING A RESET BUTTON =item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON =item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD B<Parameters:> =item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON B<Parameters:> =item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON =back =item HTTP COOKIES 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure> =item WORKING WITH FRAMES 1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in the <FORM> tag =item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS =item DEBUGGING =over 4 =item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS =back =item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>, B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>, B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()> =item USING NPH SCRIPTS In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph> parameters =item Server Push multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final() =item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts> =item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL =item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item CREDITS Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more.. =item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES =item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW =over 4 =item Changing the default message =back =item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS =item CHANGE LOG =item AUTHORS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USING CGI::Cookie B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag> =over 4 =item Creating New Cookies =item Sending the Cookie to the Browser =item Recovering Previous Cookies =item Manipulating Cookies B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()> =back =item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE =item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS =item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS =item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS =item CAVEATS =item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Tags that won't be formatted =item Customizing the Indenting =back =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USING CGI::Push -next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph =over 4 =item Heterogeneous Pages =item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly =back =item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS =item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ABSTRACT =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR INFORMATION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Interactive Mode Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or distribution, ls author, Signals =item CPAN::Shell =item autobundle =item recompile =item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution =item Programmer's interface expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples =item Methods in the other Classes CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(), CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(), CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(), CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(), CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(), CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(), CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(), CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(), CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(), CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(), CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(), CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid() =item Cache Manager =item Bundles =item Prerequisites =item Finding packages and VERSION =item Debugging =item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode =back =item CONFIGURATION C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt> E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt> [unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>> =over 4 =item Note on urllist parameter's format =item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support =back =item SECURITY =item EXPORT =item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES =item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS =over 4 =item Three basic types of firewalls http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade =item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall =back =item FAQ 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10) =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item TRANSLATIONS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS module =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Forcing a Stack Trace =back =item BUGS =back =head2 Carp::Heavy - Carp guts =over 4 =item SYNOPIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The C<struct()> function =item Class Creation at Compile Time =item Element Types and Accessor Methods Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>) =item Initializing with C<new> =back =item EXAMPLES Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 =item Author and Modification History =back =head2 Config - access Perl configuration information =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names) =item EXAMPLE =item WARNING =item GLOSSARY =over 4 =item _ C<_a>, C<_exe>, C<_o> =item a C<afs>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>, C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>, C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>, C<awk> =item b C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<bincompat5005>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder> =item c C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>, C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>, C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>, C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress> =item C C<CONFIGDOTSH>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>, C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>, C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crosscompile>, C<cryptlib>, C<csh> =item d C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bincompat5005>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_const>, C<d_crypt>, C<d_csh>, C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endnent>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endpwent>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_eofnblk>, C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>, C<d_iconv>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>, C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>, C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>, C<d_modfl>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>, C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>, C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_readdir>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>, C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setnent>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>, C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>, C<d_strerror>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>, C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>, C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>, C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>, C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<dynamic_ext> =item e C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>, C<expr>, C<extensions> =item f C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>, C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>, C<full_sed> =item g C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip> =item h C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat> =item i C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>, C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_db>, C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_iconv>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>, C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>, C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>, C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>, C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>, C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>, C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>, C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>, C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>, C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>, C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>, C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>, C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>, C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>, C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype> =item k C<known_extensions>, C<ksh> =item l C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>, C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>, C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>, C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>, C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>, C<lseektype> =item m C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>, C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>, C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext> =item M C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname> =item n C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>, C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>, C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nveformat>, C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>, C<nvsize>, C<nvtype> =item o C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>, C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs> =item p C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>, C<perl> =item P C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>, C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>, C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize> =item q C<quadkind>, C<quadtype> =item r C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>, C<rd_nodata>, C<revision>, C<rm>, C<rmail>, C<runnm> =item s C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>, C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<sh>, C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>, C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>, C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>, C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman> =item t C<tail>, C<tar>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>, C<timetype>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff> =item u C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>, C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>, C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>, C<use64bitint>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat> =item v C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags> =item x C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion> =item z C<zcat>, C<zip> =back =item NOTE =back =head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft, subject to change) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Global Variables $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, $DB::lineno =item API Methods CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() =item Client Callback Methods CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), CLIENT->output(LIST) =back =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO> =over 4 =item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or 3 =item Interface to Berkeley DB =item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File =item Default Parameters =item In Memory Databases =back =item DB_HASH =over 4 =item A Simple Example =back =item DB_BTREE =over 4 =item Changing the BTREE sort order =item Handling Duplicate Keys =item The get_dup() Method =item The find_dup() Method =item The del_dup() Method =item Matching Partial Keys =back =item DB_RECNO =over 4 =item The 'bval' Option =item A Simple Example =item Extra RECNO Methods B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>, B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length> =item Another Example =back =item THE API INTERFACE B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key, $value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;> =item DBM FILTERS B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>, B<filter_fetch_value> =over 4 =item The Filter =item An Example -- the NULL termination problem. =item Another Example -- Key is a C int. =back =item HINTS AND TIPS =over 4 =item Locking: The Trouble with fd =item Safe ways to lock a database B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock> =item Sharing Databases With C Applications =item The untie() Gotcha =back =item COMMON QUESTIONS =over 4 =item Why is there Perl source in my database? =item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File? =item What does "Invalid Argument" mean? =item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean? =back =item REFERENCES =item HISTORY =item BUGS =item AVAILABILITY =item COPYRIGHT =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and C<eval> =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Methods I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or> I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Reset =item Functions Dumper(I<LIST>) =item Configuration Variables or Methods $Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>), $Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>) =item Exports Dumper =back =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item VERSION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item PROFILE FORMAT =item AUTOLOAD =item ENVIRONMENT =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Memory footprint debugging =back =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item A simple scalar string =item A simple scalar number =item A simple scalar with an extra reference =item A reference to a simple scalar =item A reference to an array =item A reference to a hash =item Dumping a large array or hash =item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer =item A reference to a subroutine =back =item EXPORTS =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Creation C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<tick>, C<HighBit>, C<printUndef>, C<UsageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal =item Methods dumpValue, dumpValues, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get =back =back =head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION @dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs, @dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap() =item AUTHOR =back =head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =back =head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item LIMITATIONS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Errno - System errno constants =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEATS =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How to Export =item Selecting What To Export =item Specialised Import Lists =item Exporting without using Export's import method =item Module Version Checking =item Managing Unknown Symbols =item Tag Handling Utility Functions =back =back =head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts =over 4 =item SYNOPIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in Makefiles etc. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back cat eqtime src dst rm_f files... rm_f files... touch files .. mv source... destination cp source... destination chmod mode files.. mkpath directory.. test_f file =over 4 =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item @EXPORT =item FUNCTIONS xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules) =item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USAGE =item FUNCTIONS new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(), packlist(), version() =item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION For static extensions, For dynamic extensions, For dynamic extensions =over 4 =item EXTRALIBS =item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH =item BSLOADLIBS =back =item PORTABILITY =over 4 =item VMS implementation =item Win32 implementation =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive =back perl_archive_after =head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS =over 4 =item Preloaded methods canonpath =back =back catdir catfile curdir rootdir updir =over 4 =item SelfLoaded methods c_o (o) =back cflags (o) clean (o) const_cccmd (o) const_config (o) const_loadlibs (o) constants (o) depend (o) dir_target (o) dist (o) dist_basics (o) dist_ci (o) dist_core (o) dist_dir (o) dist_test (o) dlsyms (o) dynamic (o) dynamic_bs (o) dynamic_lib (o) exescan extliblist file_name_is_absolute find_perl =over 4 =item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile fixin =back force (o) guess_name has_link_code htmlifypods (o) init_dirscan init_main init_others install (o) installbin (o) libscan (o) linkext (o) lsdir macro (o) makeaperl (o) makefile (o) manifypods (o) maybe_command maybe_command_in_dirs needs_linking (o) nicetext parse_version parse_abstract pasthru (o) path perl_script perldepend (o) ppd perm_rw (o) perm_rwx (o) pm_to_blib post_constants (o) post_initialize (o) postamble (o) prefixify processPL (o) realclean (o) replace_manpage_separator static (o) static_lib (o) staticmake (o) subdir_x (o) subdirs (o) test (o) test_via_harness (o) test_via_script (o) tool_autosplit (o) tools_other (o) tool_xsubpp (o) top_targets (o) writedoc xs_c (o) xs_cpp (o) xs_o (o) perl_archive perl_archive_after export_list =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Methods always loaded wraplist =back =back rootdir (override) =over 4 =item SelfLoaded methods guess_name (override) =back find_perl (override) path (override) maybe_command (override) maybe_command_in_dirs (override) perl_script (override) file_name_is_absolute (override) replace_manpage_separator init_others (override) constants (override) cflags (override) const_cccmd (override) pm_to_blib (override) tool_autosplit (override) tool_sxubpp (override) xsubpp_version (override) tools_other (override) dist (override) c_o (override) xs_c (override) xs_o (override) top_targets (override) dlsyms (override) dynamic_lib (override) dynamic_bs (override) static_lib (override) manifypods (override) processPL (override) installbin (override) subdir_x (override) clean (override) realclean (override) dist_basics (override) dist_core (override) dist_dir (override) dist_test (override) install (override) perldepend (override) makefile (override) test (override) test_via_harness (override) test_via_script (override) makeaperl (override) nicetext (override) =head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back catfile constants (o) static_lib (o) dynamic_bs (o) dynamic_lib (o) canonpath perl_script pm_to_blib test_via_harness (o) tool_autosplit (override) tools_other (o) xs_o (o) top_targets (o) htmlifypods (o) manifypods (o) dist_ci (o) dist_core (o) pasthru (o) =head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item How To Write A Makefile.PL =item Default Makefile Behaviour =item make test =item make testdb =item make install =item PREFIX and LIB attribute =item AFS users =item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary =item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations =item Which architecture dependent directory? =item Using Attributes and Parameters ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CAPI, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FUNCLIST, H, HTMLLIBPODS, HTMLSCRIPTPODS, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLHTMLPRIVLIBDIR, INSTALLHTMLSCRIPTDIR, INSTALLHTMLSITELIBDIR, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITELIB, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_EXE, INST_HTMLLIBDIR, INST_HTMLSCRIPTDIR, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB, PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC, PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_PM, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VERSION, VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION =item Additional lowercase attributes clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test, tool_autosplit =item Overriding MakeMaker Methods =item Hintsfile support =item Distribution Support make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, make distdir, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci =item Disabling an extension =back =item ENVIRONMENT PERL_MM_OPT =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item MANIFEST.SKIP =item EXPORT_OK =item GLOBAL VARIABLES =item DIAGNOSTICS C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>, C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file> =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic extension =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME =item AUTHOR =item REVISION =back =head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item USAGE =item FUNCTIONS new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file() =item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item EXPORTED SYMBOLS =back =head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse =item EXAMPLES C<basename>, C<dirname> =back =head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item RETURN =item AUTHOR =back =head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32) rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag]) =back =item RETURN =item AUTHOR =back =head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXPORTS (by request only) =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Find, find - traverse a file tree =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>, C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<no_chdir>, C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip> =item CAVEAT =back =head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>, C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>, C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT> =item DIAGNOSTICS C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND> =item NOTES =item AUTHOR =back =head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHORS =back =head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION devnull =back tmpdir path canonpath splitpath splitdir catpath abs2rel rel2abs =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Exports =back =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for MacOS =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS canonpath =back catdir catfile curdir devnull rootdir tmpdir updir file_name_is_absolute path splitpath splitdir catpath abs2rel rel2abs =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 File::Spec::Unix - methods used by File::Spec =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS canonpath =back catdir catfile curdir devnull rootdir tmpdir updir no_upwards case_tolerant file_name_is_absolute path join splitpath splitdir catpath abs2rel rel2abs =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION eliminate_macros =back fixpath =over 4 =item Methods always loaded canonpath (override) =back catdir catfile curdir (override) devnull (override) rootdir (override) tmpdir (override) updir (override) case_tolerant (override) path (override) file_name_is_absolute (override) splitpath (override) splitdir (override) catpath (override) abs2rel (override) rel2abs (override) =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION devnull =back tmpdir catfile canonpath splitpath splitdir catpath =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely =over 4 =item PORTABILITY =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item FUNCTIONS B<tempfile> =back B<tempdir> =over 4 =item MKTEMP FUNCTIONS B<mkstemp> =back B<mkstemps> B<mkdtemp> B<mktemp> =over 4 =item POSIX FUNCTIONS B<tmpnam> =back B<tmpfile> =over 4 =item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS B<tempnam> =back =over 4 =item UTILITY FUNCTIONS B<unlink0> =back =over 4 =item PACKAGE VARIABLES B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH =back TopSystemUID =over 4 =item WARNING =over 4 =item Temporary files and NFS =back =item HISTORY =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =back =head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES =item KNOWN BUGS =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AVAILABILITY =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Command Line Options, an Introduction =item Getting Started with Getopt::Long =over 4 =item Simple options =item A little bit less simple options =item Mixing command line option with other arguments =item Options with values =item Options with multiple values =item Options with hash values =item User-defined subroutines to handle options =item Options with multiple names =item Case and abbreviations =item Summary of Option Specifications !, +, s, i, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ] =back =item Advanced Possibilities =over 4 =item Object oriented interface =item Documentation and help texts =item Storing options in a hash =item Bundling =item The lonesome dash =item Argument call-back =back =item Configuring Getopt::Long default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt, require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override (default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always (default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix, prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled) =item Return values and Errors =item Legacy =over 4 =item Default destinations =item Alternative option starters =item Configuration variables =back =item Trouble Shooting =over 4 =item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option =item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not supplied =back =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER =back =head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch clustering =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current locale =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 IO - load various IO modules =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile =item METHODS open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) =item METHODS $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint =item NOTE =item SEE ALSO =item BUGS =item HISTORY =back =head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [READER, WRITER] ) =item METHODS reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell =item HISTORY =back =head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HANDLES ] ) =item METHODS add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) =item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) =item METHODS accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) =over 4 =item METHODS sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost () =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) =item METHODS hostpath(), peerpath() =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile =item METHODS open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ) =item SEE ALSO =item HISTORY =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE ) =item METHODS $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint =item NOTE =item SEE ALSO =item BUGS =item HISTORY =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [READER, WRITER] ) =item METHODS reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] ) =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->setpos ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=1 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell =item HISTORY =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HANDLES ] ) =item METHODS add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] ) =item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) =item METHODS accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), timeout([VAL]), sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), sockdomain, socktype, protocol, connected =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) =over 4 =item METHODS sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost () =back =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) =item METHODS hostpath(), peerpath() =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item WARNING =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error handling =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item WARNING =back =head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION ftok( PATH, ID ) =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item METHODS new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary length float math package =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION number format, Error returns 'NaN', Division is computed to, Rounding is performed =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION Canonical notation, Input, Output =item EXAMPLES =item Autocreating constants =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item OPERATIONS =item CREATION =item STRINGIFICATION =over 4 =item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6 =back =item USAGE =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO =item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS B<tan> =over 4 =item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO =item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS =back =item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS =item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS =over 4 =item COORDINATE SYSTEMS =item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian, cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical =back =item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES =item EXAMPLES =item BUGS =item AUTHORS =back =head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR> =item DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...> =back =item BUGS AND WARNINGS =back =head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Functions Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); =back =item WARNING =item NOTES =back =head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CONVENTIONS =item IMPLEMENTATION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR> =item DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...> =back =item BUGS AND WARNINGS =back =head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item WARNING =item Operator Names and Operator Lists an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset) =item Opcode Functions opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET), full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...), define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT) =item Manipulating Opsets =item TO DO (maybe) =back =over 4 =item Predefined Opcode Tags :base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math, :base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open, :filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided, :dangerous =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION a new namespace, an operator mask =item WARNING =over 4 =item RECENT CHANGES =item Methods in class Safe permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) =item Some Safety Issues Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes =item AUTHOR =back =back =head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item CAVEATS =item FUNCTIONS _exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write =item CLASSES =over 4 =item POSIX::SigAction new =item POSIX::SigSet new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember =item POSIX::Termios new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field values, c_oflag field values =back =item PATHNAME CONSTANTS Constants =item POSIX CONSTANTS Constants =item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Constants =item ERRNO Constants =item FCNTL Constants =item FLOAT Constants =item LIMITS Constants =item LOCALE Constants =item MATH Constants =item SIGNAL Constants =item STAT Constants, Macros =item STDLIB Constants =item STDIO Constants =item TIME Constants =item UNISTD Constants =item WAIT Constants, Macros =back =head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS =over 4 =item podchecker() B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val> =back =item DESCRIPTION =item DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item Errors empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification, unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>, empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s) after =back =item Warnings multiple occurence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one> vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim paragraph in NAME section =item Hyperlinks ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or / =back =item RETURN VALUE =item EXAMPLES =item INTERFACE =back C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )> C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts}, @args )> C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()> C<$checker-E<gt>name()> C<$checker-E<gt>node()> C<$checker-E<gt>idx()> C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()> =over 4 =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )> C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt> 1> =back =over 4 =item C<simplify_name( $str )> =back =over 4 =item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )> C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt> 1> =back =over 4 =item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )> =back =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item ARGUMENTS backlink, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse, title, verbose =item EXAMPLE =item ENVIRONMENT =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =item COPYRIGHT =back =head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs, commands, etc. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item REQUIRES =item EXPORTS =item DESCRIPTION package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree> =back =over 4 =item B<Pod::InputSource> =back =over 4 =item B<new()> =back =over 4 =item B<name()> =back =over 4 =item B<handle()> =back =over 4 =item B<was_cutting()> =back =over 4 =item B<Pod::Paragraph> =back =over 4 =item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()> =back =over 4 =item B<Pod::InteriorSequence> =back =over 4 =item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()> =back =over 4 =item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()> =back =over 4 =item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()> =back =over 4 =item B<Pod::ParseTree> =back =over 4 =item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()> =back =over 4 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()> =back =over 4 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()> =back =over 4 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()> =back =over 4 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()> =back =over 4 =item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()> =back =over 4 =item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()> =back =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item OBJECT METHODS C<initialize> =back =over 4 =item Data Accessors B<AddPreamble> =back B<AddPostamble> B<Head1Level> B<Label> B<LevelNoNum> B<MakeIndex> B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection> B<StartWithNewPage> B<TableOfContents> B<UniqueLabels> B<UserPreamble> B<UserPostamble> B<Lists> =over 4 =item Subclassed methods =back B<begin_pod> B<end_pod> B<command> B<verbatim> B<textblock> B<interior_sequence> =over 4 =item List Methods B<begin_list> =back B<end_list> B<add_item> =over 4 =item Methods for headings B<head> =back =over 4 =item Internal methods B<_output> =back B<_replace_special_chars> B<_create_label> B<_create_index> B<_clean_latex_commands> =over 4 =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item COPYRIGHT =item REVISION =back =head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, quotes, release, section =item DIAGNOSTICS roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, Unknown sequence %s, %s: Unknown command paragraph "%s" on line %d, Unmatched =back =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =over 4 =item Pod::List Pod::List-E<gt>new() =back $list-E<gt>file() $list-E<gt>start() $list-E<gt>indent() $list-E<gt>type() $list-E<gt>rx() $list-E<gt>item() $list-E<gt>parent() $list-E<gt>tag() =over 4 =item Pod::Hyperlink Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new() =back $link-E<gt>parse($string) $link-E<gt>markup($string) $link-E<gt>text() $link-E<gt>warning() $link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line() $link-E<gt>page() $link-E<gt>node() $link-E<gt>alttext() $link-E<gt>type() $link-E<gt>link() =over 4 =item Pod::Cache Pod::Cache-E<gt>new() =back $cache-E<gt>item() $cache-E<gt>find_page($name) =over 4 =item Pod::Cache::Item Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new() =back $cacheitem-E<gt>page() $cacheitem-E<gt>description() $cacheitem-E<gt>path() $cacheitem-E<gt>file() $cacheitem-E<gt>nodes() $cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name) $cacheitem-E<gt>idx() =over 4 =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item REQUIRES =item EXPORTS =item DESCRIPTION =item QUICK OVERVIEW =item PARSING OPTIONS B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset), B<-warnings> (default: unset) =back =over 4 =item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES =back =over 4 =item B<command()> C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> =back =over 4 =item B<verbatim()> C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> =back =over 4 =item B<textblock()> C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para> =back =over 4 =item B<interior_sequence()> =back =over 4 =item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES =back =over 4 =item B<new()> =back =over 4 =item B<initialize()> =back =over 4 =item B<begin_pod()> =back =over 4 =item B<begin_input()> =back =over 4 =item B<end_input()> =back =over 4 =item B<end_pod()> =back =over 4 =item B<preprocess_line()> =back =over 4 =item B<preprocess_paragraph()> =back =over 4 =item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING =back =over 4 =item B<parse_text()> B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name> =back =over 4 =item B<interpolate()> =back =over 4 =item B<parse_paragraph()> =back =over 4 =item B<parse_from_filehandle()> =back =over 4 =item B<parse_from_file()> =back =over 4 =item ACCESSOR METHODS =back =over 4 =item B<errorsub()> =back =over 4 =item B<cutting()> =back =over 4 =item B<parseopts()> =back =over 4 =item B<output_file()> =back =over 4 =item B<output_handle()> =back =over 4 =item B<input_file()> =back =over 4 =item B<input_handle()> =back =over 4 =item B<input_streams()> =back =over 4 =item B<top_stream()> =back =over 4 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA =back =over 4 =item B<_push_input_stream()> =back =over 4 =item B<_pop_input_stream()> =back =over 4 =item TREE-BASED PARSING =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item EXPORT =back =item AUTHOR =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from input =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item REQUIRES =item EXPORTS =item DESCRIPTION =item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS =item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS =back =over 4 =item OBJECT METHODS =back =over 4 =item B<curr_headings()> =back =over 4 =item B<select()> =back =over 4 =item B<add_selection()> =back =over 4 =item B<clear_selections()> =back =over 4 =item B<match_section()> =back =over 4 =item B<is_selected()> =back =over 4 =item EXPORTED FUNCTIONS =back =over 4 =item B<podselect()> B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges> =back =over 4 =item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA =back =over 4 =item B<_compile_section_spec()> =back =over 4 =item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS} =back =over 4 =item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS} =back =over 4 =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION alt, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width =item DIAGNOSTICS Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", Unknown escape: %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back =item RESTRICTIONS =item NOTES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike text =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format escapes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod documentation =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item ARGUMENTS C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>, C<-pathlist> =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =over 4 =item Recommended Use =back =item CAVEATS =item AUTHOR =item ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS =back =head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR> =item DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...> =back =item BUGS AND WARNINGS =back =head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION a new namespace, an operator mask =item WARNING =over 4 =item RECENT CHANGES =item Methods in class Safe permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) =item Some Safety Issues Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes =item AUTHOR =back =back =head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The __DATA__ token =item SelfLoader autoloading =item Autoloading and package lexicals =item SelfLoader and AutoLoader =item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle. =item Classes and inherited methods. =back =item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names =back =head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX =back =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST, INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_in PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS, unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN =back =head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog =item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type (added in 5.004_02), closelog =item EXAMPLES =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item DIAGNOSTICS Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No comma allowed after filehandle, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use =item RESTRICTIONS =item NOTES =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =back =head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt> =item DIAGNOSTICS =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions. =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item Minimal set of supported functions C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>, C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features> =item Additional supported functions C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY> =item EXPORTS =item ENVIRONMENT =back =head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item TEST TYPES NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS =item RETURN VALUE =item ONFAIL =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item The test script output =back =item EXPORT =item DIAGNOSTICS C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat %d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay. %s> =item ENVIRONMENT =item SEE ALSO =item AUTHORS =item BUGS =back =head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLE =back =head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =item AUTHORS =back =head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLES =item LIMITATIONS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and unexpand(1) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (EXPERIMENTAL, subject to change) =over 4 =item CAVEAT =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS new \&start_sub, new \&start_sub, LIST, lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, Thread->list, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield =item METHODS join, eval, detach, equal, tid =item LIMITATIONS =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER =back =head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item BUGS =back =head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =back =head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST =item CAVEATS =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied handles =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this, EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this =item MORE INFORMATION =item COMPATIBILITY =back =head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash - base class definitions for tied hashes =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this =item CAVEATS =item MORE INFORMATION =back =head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item EXAMPLE =item AUTHOR =item VERSION =item SEE ALSO =back =head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied scalars =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this =item MORE INFORMATION =back =head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item CAVEATS =back =head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item IMPLEMENTATION =item BUGS =back =head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime() function =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime() function =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references) =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION isa ( TYPE ), can ( METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] ), UNIVERSAL::isa ( VAL, TYPE ), UNIVERSAL::can ( VAL, METHOD ) =back =head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =back =head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item System Specifics =back =item NOTE =item AUTHOR =item HISTORY March 18th, 2000 =back =head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions =over 4 =item DESCRIPTION =over 4 =item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(), Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(), Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE), Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(), Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME), Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE, PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown, Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME), Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE), Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(), Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR), Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID), Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME) =back =back =head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code =over 4 =item SYNOPSIS =item DESCRIPTION =item AUTHOR =back =head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they don't all have manual pages yet: =over 4 =item a2p =item s2p =item find2perl =item h2ph =item c2ph =item h2xs =item xsubpp =item pod2man =item wrapsuid =back =head1 AUTHOR Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles of other folks.